Symbiotic Realism: Way Forward for Great Power Relations
Rise of China, its bend towards Russia, its increasing sphere of influence in Asia and Africa has posed perplexing questions like will the four decades of cooperation between USA and China end in great War; will the drive to maintain/attain hegemony be the guiding principle for USA and China; and what will be the impact of strife on states like Pakistan, recipients of both USA and China. The international politics pundits, well versed in Machiavellian-Hobbesian Realist discourses, predicts a coming war with continued pattern of hegemonic contention, competition, and shift in hegemony. But Realism is not a unified paradigm and variants of Realist discourse(s), advocate divergent courses of statecraft, depending on state status in global order. The paper aims to analyse the prospective Sino-US relation with the lens of Symbiotic Realism given by Nayef Al Rodhan believing in sustainable multi-sum security principle, co-existence, and mutual dependence between great powers.
-
Multi-sum Security, Hegemony, Symbiotic Realism, USA, China
-
(1) Rafida Nawaz
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Syed Hussain Murtaza
Scholar, Department of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Muqarrab Akbar
Chairman, Department of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
- Al-Rodhan, N. (2019). blog.apaonline.org.
- (2013).-.
- Bolt, P, J., & Sharyl, N. C. (2018). China, Russia, and Twenty-First Century Global Geopolitics. New York: Oxford University Press,
- Broome, B. J. (2017)
- Brzezinski, Z. (2000).The Geostrategic Triad: Living with China, Europe and Russia. Washington DC: Center for Strategic & International Studies,
- Casuarina, N. (2009). Remaking Global Order. New York: Oxford University Press,
- Danzig, R., & Lorand. L. (2020). Symbiosis and strife: where is the sino-american relationship bound? An Introduction to the APL Series
- Diller, M., Evan, J., Amanda, H., & William, R. H. (2020).
- Escudé, C. (2004).
- Fukuyama, F. (2022).
- (1992).-. The End of History and the Last Man. Toronto: Free Press,
- Gill, B., & Melissa, M. (2008).
- Jørgensen, K. E. (2017). International Relations Theory. New York: Palgrave Macmillan,
- Kotkin, S. (2022).
- Kumar, R., & Rafida, N. (2017).
- Markey, D. S. (2020). China's Western Horizon: Beijing and the New Geopolitics of Eurasia. New York: Oxford University Press,
- Pomeranz, K. (2000). The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy. Edited by Joel Mokyr. New Jersey: Princeton University Press,
- Schenoni, L., & Carlos, E. (2016).
- Shambaugh, D., Eberhard, S., & Zhou. H. (2008). China-Europe Relations: Perceptions, policies and prospects. New York: Routledge,
- Small, A. (2015). The China-Pakistan Axis: Asia's New Geopolitics. New York: Oxford University Press,
- Smith, N. (2005). The Endgame of Globalization. New York: Routledge,
- Tiankai's, C. (2022). www.usip.org. n.d. https://www.usip.org/publications/us- china-cooperation-peace-and- security?_ga=2.15595318.1636143942.16 48911864-304886799.1648911864
Cite this article
-
APA : Nawaz, R., Murtaza, S. H., & Akbar, M. (2022). Symbiotic Realism: Way Forward for Great Power Relations. Global International Relations Review, V(I), 22-34. https://doi.org/10.31703/girr.2022(V-I).03
-
CHICAGO : Nawaz, Rafida, Syed Hussain Murtaza, and Muqarrab Akbar. 2022. "Symbiotic Realism: Way Forward for Great Power Relations." Global International Relations Review, V (I): 22-34 doi: 10.31703/girr.2022(V-I).03
-
HARVARD : NAWAZ, R., MURTAZA, S. H. & AKBAR, M. 2022. Symbiotic Realism: Way Forward for Great Power Relations. Global International Relations Review, V, 22-34.
-
MHRA : Nawaz, Rafida, Syed Hussain Murtaza, and Muqarrab Akbar. 2022. "Symbiotic Realism: Way Forward for Great Power Relations." Global International Relations Review, V: 22-34
-
MLA : Nawaz, Rafida, Syed Hussain Murtaza, and Muqarrab Akbar. "Symbiotic Realism: Way Forward for Great Power Relations." Global International Relations Review, V.I (2022): 22-34 Print.
-
OXFORD : Nawaz, Rafida, Murtaza, Syed Hussain, and Akbar, Muqarrab (2022), "Symbiotic Realism: Way Forward for Great Power Relations", Global International Relations Review, V (I), 22-34
-
TURABIAN : Nawaz, Rafida, Syed Hussain Murtaza, and Muqarrab Akbar. "Symbiotic Realism: Way Forward for Great Power Relations." Global International Relations Review V, no. I (2022): 22-34. https://doi.org/10.31703/girr.2022(V-I).03