FRAMING WAR ON TERROR ANALYZING THE EDITORIALS OF MAINSTREAM ENGLISH NEWSPAPERS OF PAKISTAN

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/girr.2023(VI-I).06      10.31703/girr.2023(VI-I).06      Published : Mar 1
Authored by : Qaisar ShehzadFarooq , M. ZafarIqbal , AshrafIqbal

06 Pages : 54-67

References

  • Abbas, M. (2003). Media and Society. Pakistan Times.
  • Altheide, D. L. (2007). The mass media and terrorism. Discourse & Communication, 1(3), 287–308. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481307079207
  • Bantimaroudis, P., & Kampanellou, E. (2007). The Cultural Framing Hypothesis: Attributes of Cultural Alliances and Conflicts. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 12(2), 80–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/1081180x07299793
  • Bennett, W. L. (1993). Constructing publics and their opinions. Political Communication, 10(2), 101–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.1993.9962970
  • Berry, N. O. (1990). Foreign Policy and The Press: An Analysis of the New York Times’ Coverage of U.S. Foreign Policy.. American Journalism, 8(2-3), 221–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/08821127.1991.10731379
  • Birrell, I. ( 2011 ). How West Helps Dictators to Steal. Dawn
  • Burki, J. S. ( 2011). Tunisia's Ripple Effects. Dawn.
  • Dorman, W. A., & Farhang, M. (1987). The U.S. Press and Iran: Foreign Policy and The Journalism of Deference. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Douthat, R. (2011). Obama The Realist.The New York Times
  • Douthat, R. (2011). The Devil We Know. The New York Times.
  • Engdahl, F. W. (2011). Globalresearch.ca. Global Research. http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=23131
  • Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
  • Fahmy, S. (2007) How Could so Much Produce so Little? Foreign Affairs Reporting in the Wake of 9/11. International Communication Association. http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p170176_index.html
  • Fishman, M. (1980). Manufacturing the News. Austin: University of Texas Press.
  • Goffman, E. (1974). Framing Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
  • Golan, G. (2006). Inter-Media Agenda Setting and Global News Coverage. Journalism Studies, 7(2), 323–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700500533643
  • Goodall, H. L. (2006). Why we must win the War on Terror: Communication, Narrative, and the Future of National Security. Qualitative Inquiry, 12(1), 30– 59. https://doi.org/10.1177/107780040528279 4
  • Graber, D. A. (1980). Mass Media and American Politics. Washington, D.C: Congressional Quarterly Press.
  • Herman, E. S., & Chomsky, N. (2000). Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of Mass Media. NewYork: Pantheon Books.
  • Karim, K. H. (2000). The Islamic Peril: Media and Global Violence. Montreal: Black Rose Books.
  • Khalid, M. (2001). "The US Mass Media and Image of Muslim World", Pakistan.
  • Kim, S. T. (2000). Making a Difference: U.S. Press Coverage of the Kwangju and Tiananmen Pro-Democracy Movements. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 77(1), 22–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900007700103
  • Kumar, D. (2006). Media, War, and Propaganda: Strategies of Information Management During the 2003 Iraq War. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, 3(1), 48–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/14791420500505650
  • Lippmann, W. (1922). Public Opinion. NewYork: Macmillan.
  • McCombs, M. E., & Shaw, D. L. (1972). The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media. Public Opinion Quarterly, 36, 176-187.
  • McCombs, M., Shaw, D. L., & Weaver, D. (1997). Communication and Democracy: Exploring the Intellectual Frontiers in Agenda-Setting Theory. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • McQuail, D. (1987). Mass Communication Theory. London: Sage Publications.
  • Meltzer, K. (2007). Newspaper editorial boards and the practice of endorsing candidates for political office in the United States. Journalism: Theory, Practice & Criticism, 8(1), 83–103. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884907072422
  • Merrill, J. C. (1995). Global Journalism. Newbury Park: Sage.
  • Omrani, A. (2011). A Study of Media Framing in the PMP Cycle of The 2011 Uprising in the Arab World. Ghent University.
  • Pan, Z., & Kosicki, G. (1993). Framing analysis: An approach to news discourse. Political Communication, 10(1), 55–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.1993.9962963
  • Popkin, J. D. (1995). Media and Revolution. Lexington, Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky.
  • Ramaprasad, J. (1984). Foreign Policy and Press Coverage: A Study of The New York Times' Coverage of India from 1973-1980.
  • Rehman, I. A. ( 2011). Revolution Degraded? Dawn
  • Rich, F. (2011). Wallflowers at the Revolution. The New York Times.
  • Said, E. W. (1997). Covering Islam: How The Media and the Experts Determine How We See the Rest of the World. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Torres, M. R. (2008). Terrorism and the Mass Media after Al Qaeda: A Change of Course? Athena Intelligence Journal, 3(2), 1–20. https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/journals/aij/v3i2/0001004.pdf
  • Wimmer, R. D. (2003). Mass Media Research: An Introduction ( Seventh Edition ). USA

References

  • Abbas, M. (2003). Media and Society. Pakistan Times.
  • Altheide, D. L. (2007). The mass media and terrorism. Discourse & Communication, 1(3), 287–308. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481307079207
  • Bantimaroudis, P., & Kampanellou, E. (2007). The Cultural Framing Hypothesis: Attributes of Cultural Alliances and Conflicts. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 12(2), 80–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/1081180x07299793
  • Bennett, W. L. (1993). Constructing publics and their opinions. Political Communication, 10(2), 101–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.1993.9962970
  • Berry, N. O. (1990). Foreign Policy and The Press: An Analysis of the New York Times’ Coverage of U.S. Foreign Policy.. American Journalism, 8(2-3), 221–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/08821127.1991.10731379
  • Birrell, I. ( 2011 ). How West Helps Dictators to Steal. Dawn
  • Burki, J. S. ( 2011). Tunisia's Ripple Effects. Dawn.
  • Dorman, W. A., & Farhang, M. (1987). The U.S. Press and Iran: Foreign Policy and The Journalism of Deference. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Douthat, R. (2011). Obama The Realist.The New York Times
  • Douthat, R. (2011). The Devil We Know. The New York Times.
  • Engdahl, F. W. (2011). Globalresearch.ca. Global Research. http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=23131
  • Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
  • Fahmy, S. (2007) How Could so Much Produce so Little? Foreign Affairs Reporting in the Wake of 9/11. International Communication Association. http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p170176_index.html
  • Fishman, M. (1980). Manufacturing the News. Austin: University of Texas Press.
  • Goffman, E. (1974). Framing Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
  • Golan, G. (2006). Inter-Media Agenda Setting and Global News Coverage. Journalism Studies, 7(2), 323–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700500533643
  • Goodall, H. L. (2006). Why we must win the War on Terror: Communication, Narrative, and the Future of National Security. Qualitative Inquiry, 12(1), 30– 59. https://doi.org/10.1177/107780040528279 4
  • Graber, D. A. (1980). Mass Media and American Politics. Washington, D.C: Congressional Quarterly Press.
  • Herman, E. S., & Chomsky, N. (2000). Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of Mass Media. NewYork: Pantheon Books.
  • Karim, K. H. (2000). The Islamic Peril: Media and Global Violence. Montreal: Black Rose Books.
  • Khalid, M. (2001). "The US Mass Media and Image of Muslim World", Pakistan.
  • Kim, S. T. (2000). Making a Difference: U.S. Press Coverage of the Kwangju and Tiananmen Pro-Democracy Movements. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 77(1), 22–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900007700103
  • Kumar, D. (2006). Media, War, and Propaganda: Strategies of Information Management During the 2003 Iraq War. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, 3(1), 48–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/14791420500505650
  • Lippmann, W. (1922). Public Opinion. NewYork: Macmillan.
  • McCombs, M. E., & Shaw, D. L. (1972). The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media. Public Opinion Quarterly, 36, 176-187.
  • McCombs, M., Shaw, D. L., & Weaver, D. (1997). Communication and Democracy: Exploring the Intellectual Frontiers in Agenda-Setting Theory. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • McQuail, D. (1987). Mass Communication Theory. London: Sage Publications.
  • Meltzer, K. (2007). Newspaper editorial boards and the practice of endorsing candidates for political office in the United States. Journalism: Theory, Practice & Criticism, 8(1), 83–103. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884907072422
  • Merrill, J. C. (1995). Global Journalism. Newbury Park: Sage.
  • Omrani, A. (2011). A Study of Media Framing in the PMP Cycle of The 2011 Uprising in the Arab World. Ghent University.
  • Pan, Z., & Kosicki, G. (1993). Framing analysis: An approach to news discourse. Political Communication, 10(1), 55–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.1993.9962963
  • Popkin, J. D. (1995). Media and Revolution. Lexington, Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky.
  • Ramaprasad, J. (1984). Foreign Policy and Press Coverage: A Study of The New York Times' Coverage of India from 1973-1980.
  • Rehman, I. A. ( 2011). Revolution Degraded? Dawn
  • Rich, F. (2011). Wallflowers at the Revolution. The New York Times.
  • Said, E. W. (1997). Covering Islam: How The Media and the Experts Determine How We See the Rest of the World. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Torres, M. R. (2008). Terrorism and the Mass Media after Al Qaeda: A Change of Course? Athena Intelligence Journal, 3(2), 1–20. https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/journals/aij/v3i2/0001004.pdf
  • Wimmer, R. D. (2003). Mass Media Research: An Introduction ( Seventh Edition ). USA

Cite this article

APA

    APA : Farooq, Q. S., Iqbal, M. Z., & Iqbal, A. (2023). Framing War on Terror: Analyzing the Editorials of Mainstream English Newspapers of Pakistan. Global International Relations Review, VI(I), 54-67. https://doi.org/10.31703/girr.2023(VI-I).06

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Farooq, Qaisar Shehzad, M. Zafar Iqbal, and Ashraf Iqbal. 2023. "Framing War on Terror: Analyzing the Editorials of Mainstream English Newspapers of Pakistan." Global International Relations Review, VI (I): 54-67 doi: 10.31703/girr.2023(VI-I).06

HARVARD

    HARVARD : FAROOQ, Q. S., IQBAL, M. Z. & IQBAL, A. 2023. Framing War on Terror: Analyzing the Editorials of Mainstream English Newspapers of Pakistan. Global International Relations Review, VI, 54-67.

MHRA

    MHRA : Farooq, Qaisar Shehzad, M. Zafar Iqbal, and Ashraf Iqbal. 2023. "Framing War on Terror: Analyzing the Editorials of Mainstream English Newspapers of Pakistan." Global International Relations Review, VI: 54-67

MLA

    MLA : Farooq, Qaisar Shehzad, M. Zafar Iqbal, and Ashraf Iqbal. "Framing War on Terror: Analyzing the Editorials of Mainstream English Newspapers of Pakistan." Global International Relations Review, VI.I (2023): 54-67 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Farooq, Qaisar Shehzad, Iqbal, M. Zafar, and Iqbal, Ashraf (2023), "Framing War on Terror: Analyzing the Editorials of Mainstream English Newspapers of Pakistan", Global International Relations Review, VI (I), 54-67

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Farooq, Qaisar Shehzad, M. Zafar Iqbal, and Ashraf Iqbal. "Framing War on Terror: Analyzing the Editorials of Mainstream English Newspapers of Pakistan." Global International Relations Review VI, no. I (2023): 54-67. https://doi.org/10.31703/girr.2023(VI-I).06