SCO AND THE US CONVERGENCE AND DIVERGENCE OF INTERESTS

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/girr.2023(VI-II).04      10.31703/girr.2023(VI-II).04      Published : Jun 2
Authored by : Muhammad Ilyas Khan , KifayatUllah , Ferdos Jamal

04 Pages : 29-38

References

  • Belasco, A. (2011). The cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and other global war on terror operations since 9/11. http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/89927.pdf
  • Blake, O, R. (2010 July 30). U.S. Policy Towards Central Asia. U.S. Department of State. http://www.state.gov/p/sca/rls/rmks/2010/145463.htm
  • Blank, S. (2007). US interests in Central Asia and the challenges to them. Strategic Studies Institute. https://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/15_3_9283J455WU571444.pdf
  • Bobo, L. (2009). The Balance of Power of Russia and China in Central Asia: Harmony or Competition? Russian Studies 6(160), 43-48.
  • Bosco, D. (2010). Where Does Shanghai Lead? Foreign Policy.
  • Bryant, K. A. (2013). Pacts and Pretenses, Competition and Cooperation: What Is the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Why It Matters Now More Than Ever (Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University).
  • Hagel, C. Quadrennial Defense Review (Washington, DC: US Department of Defence, March 2014), 25. Hu Jintao to meet with the five member states at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. (2010 November 14). The Central People’s Government of the People’s Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/ldhd/2009-10/14/content_1439668.htm
  • Chong, D., & Druckman, J. N. (2007). Framing Theory. Annual Review of Political Science, 10(1), 103–126. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.072805.103054
  • Freire, M. R. (2018). The Shanghai Cooperation Organization. In Routledge eBooks (pp. 400–409). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315536934-30
  • Jian, H. (2009). America’s New Afghan Strategy and the Effect it has on Chinese Security along its Western Border. North and Northwest Asia Research Journal 3, 29-33.
  • Kaibing, Z. (2010. The Influence of the Afghanistan Situation on Our Border Security. Window of Southeast Asia. 1-16.
  • Katz, M. N. (2008). Russia and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Moscow's Lonely Road from Bishkek to Dushanbe. Asian Perspective, 32(3), 183-187.
  • Katzman, K., & Thomas, L. (2017). Afghanistan: post-Taliban governance, security, and US policy (updated). Current Politics and Economics of the Middle East, 8(4), 531-643
  • Kavalski, E. (2010). The new Central Asia : the regional impact of international actors. http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BB01970105
  • Kleveman, L. (2003). The new Great Game: Blood and Oil in Central Asia. http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA69780680
  • Mafinezam, A. (2008). Iran and its place among nations.One Game Barack Obama has not yet fumbled. (2010 December 9). The Economist.
  • Peimani, H. (2009). Conflict and security in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Santa Barbara: ABC. CLio, 186.
  • Pikayev, A. (2008). Enlarging the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Is Iran a Viable Member?. Policy Memo, (15).
  • Reeves, J. (2011). US Cooperation with the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Challenges and Opportunities. Small Wars Journal, 9.
  • Rumer, E. B., Trenin, D., & Zhao, H. (2016). Central Asia: Views from Washington, Moscow, and Beijing. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315289533
  • Ahmad, I. (2018). Shanghai Cooperation Organization: China, Russia, and Regionalism in Central Asia. In United Nations University series on regionalism (pp. 119–135). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1211-6_6
  • Sutter, R. G. (2019). The United States and Asia: Regional dynamics and twenty-first century relations. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
  • The Shanghai Cooperation Organization member states and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan strike against terrorism, drug trafficking, and organized crime 17 action plan. (2010 December 10). Ministery of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. http://www.mfa.gov.cn/chn/gxh/zlb/smgg/t554797.htm
  • Turner, J. (2005). What is Driving India’s and Pakistan’s Interest in Joining the Shanghai Cooperation Organization?” Strategic Insights, 4:8.
  • Turner, J. B., Clunan, A. L., & Twomey, C. P. (2005). Shanghai Cooperation Organization: paper tiger or regional powerhouse. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA.
  • Wishnick, E. (2009). Russia, China, and the United States in Central Asia: Prospects for great power competition and cooperation in the shadow of the Georgian crisis. Strategic Studies Institute. https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/97061/US_Russia_CentralAsia_Feb2009.pdf

References

  • Belasco, A. (2011). The cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and other global war on terror operations since 9/11. http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/89927.pdf
  • Blake, O, R. (2010 July 30). U.S. Policy Towards Central Asia. U.S. Department of State. http://www.state.gov/p/sca/rls/rmks/2010/145463.htm
  • Blank, S. (2007). US interests in Central Asia and the challenges to them. Strategic Studies Institute. https://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/15_3_9283J455WU571444.pdf
  • Bobo, L. (2009). The Balance of Power of Russia and China in Central Asia: Harmony or Competition? Russian Studies 6(160), 43-48.
  • Bosco, D. (2010). Where Does Shanghai Lead? Foreign Policy.
  • Bryant, K. A. (2013). Pacts and Pretenses, Competition and Cooperation: What Is the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Why It Matters Now More Than Ever (Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University).
  • Hagel, C. Quadrennial Defense Review (Washington, DC: US Department of Defence, March 2014), 25. Hu Jintao to meet with the five member states at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. (2010 November 14). The Central People’s Government of the People’s Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/ldhd/2009-10/14/content_1439668.htm
  • Chong, D., & Druckman, J. N. (2007). Framing Theory. Annual Review of Political Science, 10(1), 103–126. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.072805.103054
  • Freire, M. R. (2018). The Shanghai Cooperation Organization. In Routledge eBooks (pp. 400–409). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315536934-30
  • Jian, H. (2009). America’s New Afghan Strategy and the Effect it has on Chinese Security along its Western Border. North and Northwest Asia Research Journal 3, 29-33.
  • Kaibing, Z. (2010. The Influence of the Afghanistan Situation on Our Border Security. Window of Southeast Asia. 1-16.
  • Katz, M. N. (2008). Russia and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Moscow's Lonely Road from Bishkek to Dushanbe. Asian Perspective, 32(3), 183-187.
  • Katzman, K., & Thomas, L. (2017). Afghanistan: post-Taliban governance, security, and US policy (updated). Current Politics and Economics of the Middle East, 8(4), 531-643
  • Kavalski, E. (2010). The new Central Asia : the regional impact of international actors. http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BB01970105
  • Kleveman, L. (2003). The new Great Game: Blood and Oil in Central Asia. http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA69780680
  • Mafinezam, A. (2008). Iran and its place among nations.One Game Barack Obama has not yet fumbled. (2010 December 9). The Economist.
  • Peimani, H. (2009). Conflict and security in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Santa Barbara: ABC. CLio, 186.
  • Pikayev, A. (2008). Enlarging the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Is Iran a Viable Member?. Policy Memo, (15).
  • Reeves, J. (2011). US Cooperation with the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Challenges and Opportunities. Small Wars Journal, 9.
  • Rumer, E. B., Trenin, D., & Zhao, H. (2016). Central Asia: Views from Washington, Moscow, and Beijing. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315289533
  • Ahmad, I. (2018). Shanghai Cooperation Organization: China, Russia, and Regionalism in Central Asia. In United Nations University series on regionalism (pp. 119–135). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1211-6_6
  • Sutter, R. G. (2019). The United States and Asia: Regional dynamics and twenty-first century relations. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
  • The Shanghai Cooperation Organization member states and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan strike against terrorism, drug trafficking, and organized crime 17 action plan. (2010 December 10). Ministery of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. http://www.mfa.gov.cn/chn/gxh/zlb/smgg/t554797.htm
  • Turner, J. (2005). What is Driving India’s and Pakistan’s Interest in Joining the Shanghai Cooperation Organization?” Strategic Insights, 4:8.
  • Turner, J. B., Clunan, A. L., & Twomey, C. P. (2005). Shanghai Cooperation Organization: paper tiger or regional powerhouse. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA.
  • Wishnick, E. (2009). Russia, China, and the United States in Central Asia: Prospects for great power competition and cooperation in the shadow of the Georgian crisis. Strategic Studies Institute. https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/97061/US_Russia_CentralAsia_Feb2009.pdf

Cite this article

APA

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Khan, Muhammad Ilyas, Kifayat Ullah, and Ferdos Jamal. 2023. "SCO and the US: Convergence and Divergence of Interests." Global International Relations Review, VI (II): 29-38 doi: 10.31703/girr.2023(VI-II).04

HARVARD

    HARVARD : KHAN, M. I., ULLAH, K. & JAMAL, F. 2023. SCO and the US: Convergence and Divergence of Interests. Global International Relations Review, VI, 29-38.

MHRA

    MHRA : Khan, Muhammad Ilyas, Kifayat Ullah, and Ferdos Jamal. 2023. "SCO and the US: Convergence and Divergence of Interests." Global International Relations Review, VI: 29-38

MLA

    MLA : Khan, Muhammad Ilyas, Kifayat Ullah, and Ferdos Jamal. "SCO and the US: Convergence and Divergence of Interests." Global International Relations Review, VI.II (2023): 29-38 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Khan, Muhammad Ilyas, Ullah, Kifayat, and Jamal, Ferdos (2023), "SCO and the US: Convergence and Divergence of Interests", Global International Relations Review, VI (II), 29-38

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Khan, Muhammad Ilyas, Kifayat Ullah, and Ferdos Jamal. "SCO and the US: Convergence and Divergence of Interests." Global International Relations Review VI, no. II (2023): 29-38. https://doi.org/10.31703/girr.2023(VI-II).04